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The latest research in the Journal of Sustainable Chemistry focuses on the new technologies and applications of waste technology circle mining, and reviews their challenges and future prospects.

Research: Technical Circle Mining of Mine Waste: A Review of Applications and Challenges. Image source: MG_vectors/Shutterstock.com

The recovery of precious metals from the technological circle, which is a material stock or sediment produced by human behavior and modern processes, is called technological circle mining. Technology circle extraction focuses on the added value of residues and waste storage.

It is seen as an important step towards a (green) sustainable society and long-term growth of the mining industry. In the extractive sector, the main goal of technology circle mining is to identify the excavation waste as a technology circle inventory, and make positive contributions to waste through waste treatment, resource protection or transformation, reduce the amount of waste treatment, ensure that the impact on the environment is reduced, and provide supplements Of macroeconomic profits.

Technical mining of mining waste. Image source: Lim, B. & Alorro, RD, Sustainable Chemistry

The term "technology circle" was coined in the late 1990s. The technology circle is a material resource created by human activities and is now isolated from the flow of materials. Metropolitan facilities, livestock, coastal ecosystems, and even air are all elements of technology.

The non-physical elements of the technology circle include emissions of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxygen and other pollutant vapors, as well as aerosols, debris and other secondary pollutants floating in the atmosphere, which are eventually poured out and become the earth and other substances. The core component. Elements of the technology circle.

The extraction of minerals and metals is the core focus of the technology circle, including all imaginable resources and manifestations. The technology circle extraction combines recycling principles and conforms to the circular economy model and environmental sustainability goals.

Technical mining is essential to a green environment and can reduce the impact of traditional or new mining on the environment. It reduces the amount of final waste that must be collected or stored, while significantly improving durability and protection. Technical circle mining has effectively reduced the leakage of harmful substances.

Metal repair and material repair are the two main types of energy recovery from this solid waste. The metal recycling process deals with mine waste. Mine waste may contain various metals derived from related gangue minerals or remaining required materials that have not been effectively separated due to processing or technical limitations. Sometimes, mine waste or tailings may contain rich metals such as rare earth elements, or important strategic metals.

Hydrometallurgical residues are granular residues of ore or hydrophilic treatment used to recover target minerals.

Tin smelting process. Image source: Lim, B. & Alorro, RD, Sustainable Chemistry

Various slag by-products are produced during mineral processing operations. According to their sources and properties, these pollutants from high-temperature removal processes can be divided into two parts: ferrous metal slag and non-ferrous metal slag.

Tailings are substances produced from powdered rock fragments produced during ore processing and mineral extraction. Due to its tiny particle size and the presence of response elements, tailings may be extremely reactive.

Mineral recovery process processing technology circle inventory. If they do not contain essential metals that are ideal enough for economical or viable mining, they can be redirected and used as reservoirs of minerals and substances that can be reused for other purposes.

The metal and mineral recovery process in technical mining is mutually beneficial. The auxiliary pollutants generated by metal and material recovery can be further utilized and processed to complete the resource life cycle cycle.

Suitable physical properties have led to the use of slag as an important building material. Slag is also used to make concrete, gravel, brickwork, cement, railway gravel and high-strength structures. Mine waste is also used to prepare cementitious materials. Geopolymers are inorganic compounds that form aluminosilicates and are used in the construction, porcelain and adhesive industries.

Eco-efficiency analysis of the mining industry. Image source: Lim, B. & Alorro, RD, Sustainable Chemistry

As a relatively new idea, the technology circle mining is still in its infancy, facing some technical, cultural, geographic, and economic obstacles. The technical circle mining of tailings seems to be a long way from commercialization, because the global standard does not cover the use of mining waste for resource conservation.

Some existing mining waste technology extraction methods are inefficient and impractical; they require a large amount of operation and capital investment, and cannot even ensure meagre profits.

All in all, it is fair to assume that to achieve sustainable development, manufacturing and unmet social requirements will require multiple sources of metals and resources. In this regard, the mining of technological reserves will serve as a useful method to meet future demand for mineral resources.

Lim, B. and Alorro, RD, 2021. Technical circle mining of mine waste: a review of applications and challenges. Sustainable Chemistry.Pg. 686-706. 2 (4). Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4079/2/4/38

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Ibtisam graduated from the Islamabad Institute of Space Technology with a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering. During his academic career, he participated in multiple research projects and successfully managed multiple extracurricular activities such as International World Space Week and International Aerospace Engineering Conference. Ibtisam participated in an English essay competition during his undergraduate course and has always been interested in research, writing and editing. Soon after graduation, he joined AzoNetwork as a freelancer to improve his skills. Ibtisam likes to travel, especially to the countryside. He has always been a sports fan and likes watching tennis, football and cricket. Ibtisam was born in Pakistan and one day hopes to travel the world, build strong bonds of friendship, and spread the message of peace and love.

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